Moreover, capturing and monitoring data through computerization provides additional dimensions such as air-time during drawing, pressure on surface, and so forth ( 9). The digital clock drawing test (dCDT) conserves the score system of tCDT. Besides cognitive domains, motor ability of is also commonly affected in SVD patients (especially during fulfillment of motor-cognitive incorporated dual tasks), which could be expressed as “Motoric-cognitive risk syndrome” ( 8). As we know, the tCDT were used to detect dementia, or differentiating different types of dementia ( 7) through scoring system evaluating the elements of content and structure in the final product as a whole, rather than detecting the process step by step.
This might be caused by the lack of dynamic and kinematic variables in the tCDT. Poor performance on the tCDT could imply the cognitive dysfunctions though recent researches focusing on SVD patients did not come to unanimous findings ( 6).
The tCDT demands such as drawing and handwriting are complex human activities that entail an intricate blend of cognitive, kinesthetic, and perceptual-motor components ( 5). The traditional CDT (tCDT) is brief, acceptable to patients, easy to score, relatively independent of educational/cultural/language confounders, psychometrically robust, and broad in its coverage of cognitive domains. The clock drawing test (CDT) is one of the most popularly used tests by neuropsychologists because it provides an economical and comprehensive evaluation of multiple cognitive domains. The relevant deficits of SVD mainly involve cognitive flexibility, attention, and processing speed, with episodic memory, naming, and orientation relatively spared ( 2– 4). The term “cerebral small vessel disease (SVD)” has gained attentions in cerebrovascular practice because it is becoming one of the most common causes of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia ( 1). The data indicated that some early manifestations of cognitive deficits in aged patients with SVD could be detected using the dCDT with a brand-new perspective different from the tCDT. The linear regression analysis adjusted for age, gender and education showed that the air-time percentage during drawing correlated with the choice reaction test (CRT) and the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and the mean handwriting/drawing pressure on surface showed a limited correlation with DSST. severe-SVD patients showed higher air-time percentage and lower mean handwriting/drawing pressure on surface during drawing compared with low-SVD and healthy subjects.
#3D CLOCK DRAWING SERIES#
The dCDT and a series of neuropsychological assessments were performed to evaluate the cognitive function of participants. A total of 20 aged patients with high-burden SVD (severe-SVD), 10 aged patients with low burden SVD (low-SVD), and 10 age-matched (healthy) individuals were grouped according to Fazekas' score.
This study aimed to check whether this tool worked well in capturing some specific aspects of cognitive performance in aged patients with SVD. The digital clock drawing test (dCDT) has been proved to be a more useful assessment tool for cognitive disorders compared to traditional clock drawing test DT (tCDT) in many neuropsychological diseases. The term small vessel disease (SVD) encompasses all the pathological processes that affect the small vessels of the brain, including small arteries and arterioles but also capillaries and small veins, which can result in multi-domain cognitive deficits.
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